Abbasid Dirham (Minted in al-Rafiqah 158 AH) — Reign of Muhammad al-Mahdi
<p>al-Rafiqah was built by al-Mansur on the Euphrates and became a vital center under Caliph al-Mahdi. Serving as a midpoint between Baghdad and the Levant, it was a strategic hub for controlling trade routes.</p><p>Minted in 158 AH, this coin documents the city''s value to the caravans crossing the river and the garrisons guarding the pilgrimage and trade roads. It is an authentic witness to the ceaseless movement between East and West, and to a historic city that served as both a fortress and a marketplace.</p>
158 AH