Al-Duwal al-Mustaqilla fi al-Mashriq al-Islami (The Independent States of the Islamic East)
A study of the independent states that arose in the Islamic East under the Abbasid caliphate, such as the Tahirids, Saffarids, Samanids and Ghaznavids, their origins and relations with the caliphate.
Isam al-Din Abd al-Rauf al-Fiqi