Mir'at al-Haramayn (Mirror of the Two Holy Mosques)

The travel account of Ibrahim Rifat Pasha, the Egyptian Amir al-Hajj in the early twentieth century, describing the Two Holy Mosques, the Hajj sites, caravan routes, Mecca and Medina and their people, illustrated with rare photographs; a key illustrated historical and geographical source on the Hijaz.

Ibrahim Rifat Pasha

All references